Lachman Test - Knee Orthopedic Examination
The Lachman Test is a commonly used in orthopedic examinations to test for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) integrity. This is one of the most well known and most used special tests in orthopedics.
Involved Structures
- anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)
Starting Position
The test is performed with the patient in a relaxed supine position. The knee to be tested should be flexed to about 15 degrees. One of the examiners hands holds and stabilizes the distal femur of the leg to be tested. The examiners other hand firmly grasps the proximal tibia of the same leg.
Test Movement
From the starting position the examiner pulls anteriorly on the proximal tibia.
Positive Test
This test is considered positive if there is a soft end feel to the translation of the tibia. A soft end feel / endpoint is indicative of secondary structures stopping the continued anterior translation of the tibia. Excessive anterior translation may also be noted. A hard/firm end feel will be felt when the ACL is intact and abruptly halts continued anterior translation.
Accuracy of Test
The Lachman Test is quite accurate but should not be used as the only criterion for ruling in or out ACL integrity.
Video Demonstration
video source: University of Wisconsin - Department of Family Medicine
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